There are many ways in which music can be performed or played in public, or communicated to the public. In the case of digital and online music services such as iTunes, Apple Music and Spotify, in most cases the exercise of the reproduction right (downloading music) is licensed by AMCOS and the exercise of the communication right (playing all or part of a song) is licensed by APRA.ĭetailed information about the licences can be found on the APRA AMCOS website here. Specialist print publishers undertake this task, either negotiating a fee directly with the composer or with the publisher who represents them. Print publishing involves reproducing music and lyrics in print form, and in some cases also arranging the musical work. In most instances the owner of the sound recording is the record company that released the recording. This means that reproducing recorded music onto a film, electronic game or video, may require an additional licence for the use of the recording. There is also a separate copyright in the sound recording. In some cases, publishers and composers agree that the use of music in, say, an advertisement, will not be negotiated by the publisher without first obtaining the permission of the composer. Permission must be obtained directly from the copyright owner, usually a music publisher, who negotiates a licence fee on behalf of the composer. Again, this is a reproduction of the music. Synchronisation refers to setting music to a visual image, such as a television or film production, an electronic game or an advertisement. FILM SYNCHRONISATION AND ADVERTISING DEALS Detailed information about recording music can be found on the APRA AMCOS website here. Most publishers in Australia are members of AMCOS, and this means that in nearly all cases, record companies contact AMCOS to notify the copyright owner that they intend to record the song and to make the appropriate payment. In practice, these provisions are administered by AMCOS (Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society) on behalf of its publisher members. There are special provisions in the Copyright Act that govern the reproduction of musical works in audio recordings for retail release. Briefly, these provisions allow for the recording of songs provided the copyright owner has made or authorised the first release of a recording of the song, he or she is notified that the song will be recorded, and a royalty is paid. Recording a song involves reproducing it. Below is a list of the most common types of licences, with a brief explanation of how they work. Acting on behalf of the songwriters and composers they represent, music publishers license certain uses of the music for a fee, providing a revenue stream for the writer. There are many ways in which music can be exploited, including recording it on CD or other digital formats, through digital downloads and streaming music services, using it in advertising, film or TV, using it on websites, and in print music.
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